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Table 4 Factors associated with ESBL Production among HIV infected children at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, 2020

From: Fecal carriage of extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae among HIV infected children at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital Gondar, Ethiopia

Variable Category ESBL carriage COR (95% CI) P-value AOR (95% CI) P-value
Yes N (%) N (%)
Gender Male 13 (16.9) 64 (83.1) 1    
Female 18 (21.4) 66 (78.6) 1.34 (0.61–2.96) 0.47   
Age (years) Less than or equal to10 7 (18.9) 30 (81.1) 1    
11–15 24 (19.4) 100 (80.6) 1.03 (0.40–2.62) 0.95   
Residence Urban 28 (20) 112 (80) 1    
Rural 3 (14.3) 18 (85.7) 0.67 (0.18–2.42) 0.54   
Family income per month Up to 1000 ETB 15 (19.5) 62 (80.5) 0.97 (0.34–2.79) 0.98   
1000–2000 ETB 10 (18.5) 44 (81.5) 0.91 (0.29–2.81) 0.87   
Above 2000 ETB 6 (20) 24 (80) 1    
Family size Down to 4 21 (18.6) 92 (81.4) 1    
5–8 10 (20.8) 38 (79.2) 1.15 (0.50–2.68) 0.74   
Family educational status No 6 (10.9) 49 (89.1) 0.46 (0.16–1.33) 0.15 0.47 (0.15–1.30) 0.13
Primary school 13 (26.5) 36 (73.5) 1.35 (0.55–3.33) 0.51 1.27 (0.5–3.17) 0.61
Secondary school & above 12 (21.1) 45 (78.9) 1   1  
WHO stage I 29 (18.7) 126 (81.3) 1    
II 2 (33.3) 4 (66.7) 2.17 (0.38–12.44) 0.38   
BAZ Underweight 8 (26.7) 22 (73.3) 1.71 (0.68–4.31) 0.26   
Normal 23 (17.6) 108 (82.4) 1    
HAZ Stunted 12 (16) 63 (84) 1.45 (0.67–3.32) 0.33   
Normal 19 (22.1) 67 (77.9) 1    
Presence of fever Yes 4 (20) 16 (80) 1.06 (0.33–3.41) 0.93   
No 27 (19.1) 114 (80.9) 1    
Opportunistic infections Yes 6 (26.1) 17 (73.9) 1.60 (0.57–4.45) 0.37   
No 25 (18.1) 113 (81.9) 1    
Diarrhea Yes 3 (23.1) 10 (76.9) 1.29 (0.33–4.98) 0.72   
No 28 (18.9) 120 (81.1) 1    
History of antibiotic use Yes 6 (40) 9 (60) 3.23 (1.05–9.88) 0.04 3.2 (1.05–9.9) 0.04
No 25 (17.1) 121 (82.9) 1   1  
Eating animal products Yes 24 (21.8) 86 (78.2) 1.75 (0.70–4.39) 0.23   
No 7 (13.7) 44 (86.3) 1    
Eating green vegetables Yes 23 (20.2) 91 (79.8) 1.23 (0.51–2.99) 0.65   
No 8 (17) 39 (83) 1    
Cytopenia Normal 21 (19.6) 86 (80.4) 1    
Cytopenia 10 (18.5) 44 (81.5) 0.93 (0.40–2.14) 0.87   
Viral load  ≤ 1000 copy /ml 6 (13.6) 16 (69.6) 0.53 (0.19–1.51) 0.24   
 > 1000 copy/ml 11 (19.6) 45 (80.4) 0.82 (0.34–2.00) 0.66   
Not detected 14 (23) 47 (77) 1    
HAART type AZT based 10 (18.2) 45 (81.8) 0.78 (0.29–2.08) 0.62   
  TDF based 11 (18) 50 (82) 0.77 (0.29–2.01) 0.59   
  ABC based 10 (22.2) 35 (77.8) 1    
  1. Bold numeral represented statistically significant